Antiretroviral Therapy through Barriers: A Prominent Role for Nanotechnology in HIV-1 Eradication from Sanctuaries
نویسندگان
چکیده
In HIV-1 management, eradication of the virus from sanctuaries represents a major and challenging goal. The genital tract, gut associated lymphoid tissue, lymph nodes, central nervous system, macrophages and latently infected CD4+ T lymphocytes are typical sites where HIV-1 compartmentalizes. To circumvent this problem, a consistent number of studies have focused on improving ARVs (antiretroviral drugs) delivery into sanctuary sites and different nanotechnological approaches have been developed. Cellular HIV-1 sanctuaries (i.e. macrophages) can be reached by nanoformulation of ARVs or by activation of latently infected cells. Anatomical sanctuaries (i.e. brain or male genital tract) can be addressed by increasing the permeation of ARVs across tissue barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier or the blood-testis barrier, while ARVs concentration in lymph nodes can be enhanced by drug encapsulation in CD4-targeted nanoparticles.
منابع مشابه
Cellular and anatomical reservoirs of HIV-1 in patients receiving potent antiretroviral combination therapy.
The eradication of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) from infected persons is the ultimate goal of HIV therapeutic interventions. Great strides have been made in developing potent antiretroviral regimens that greatly suppress HIV-1 replication. Despite these therapeutic advances, major obstacles remain to eradicating HIV-1. Reservoirs of HIV-1 have been identified that represent major impe...
متن کاملA study of barriers to adherence of antiretroviral treatment in prisoners living with HIV in Tehran, Iran
Background: People with chronic illnesses, such as HIV infection, face many barriers in the way of adherence to the treatment. In this study, the researchers attempted to investigate the barriers and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among patients with HIV. Methods: Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with the primary objectives of investigating the barriers to ...
متن کاملLudwik Hirszfeld Memorial Lecture: HIV-1 reservoirs: major molecular obstacles to viral eradication.
Over the last 18 years of study in one of our laboratories, we have observed the development of residual disease and latent reservoirs as major problems in the long-term therapy of HIV-1-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It was shown in the early 1990 's that HAART, as it is presently configured, is unlikely to lead to viral eradication due to several mechani...
متن کاملIncreased T cell trafficking as adjunct therapy for HIV-1
Although antiretroviral drug therapy suppresses human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) to undetectable levels in the blood of treated individuals, reservoirs of replication competent HIV-1 endure. Upon cessation of antiretroviral therapy, the reservoir usually allows outgrowth of virus and approaches to targeting the reservoir have had limited success. Ongoing cycles of viral replication i...
متن کاملMetabolic Abnormalities in HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Background and Objective: Dyslipidemia has become a common problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, especially in patients on combination antiretroviral therapy. In this study we aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic abnormalities in 2 groups of HIV infected patients receiving highly activ...
متن کامل